Understanding Celestial Azimuth & Altitude
Astronomers and navigators track objects in the sky using horizontal spherical coordinates: Azimuth and Altitude (elevation).
Azimuth (Horizontal Direction)
Azimuth is the compass heading along the horizon where the sun or moon is located, measured clockwise from True North (0° North, 90° East, 180° South, 270° West).
Altitude (Vertical Elevation)
Altitude is the angle in degrees above or below the ideal horizon:
- 0°: Exactly on the horizon (Sunrise / Sunset).
- +90°: Directly overhead at the Zenith.
- Negative Angles (e.g. -12°): Below the horizon (civil, nautical, or astronomical twilight).